introduction
Temperature
soil
varieties
propagation
seed rate
planting
spacing
nutrient requirement
intercultural operation
pest
disease
HARVESTING
yield
Important cut flower in the international flower trade
Long day plants; 23-25°C day and 11-15°C night temperature
Well drained porous soil with adequate organic matter content
Arka Flame, Arka Tejas
Rooted terminal cuttings
90000 plants / acre
Round the year. Avoid peak winter and summer
20 x 15 cm
30:20:30 g NPK /m2
/ year.
Staking, pinching and disbudding
Mites and thrips.
Vascular wilt
Requires 110-120 days to come to peak flowering. Flowers are cut when they are still in tight bud stage with the petals emerging
300-360 cut flowers/m2
Annual flower crop grown for both cut flower and loose flower
20-30°C during day and 15-17°C during night; RH of 50-60%
Well drained red loamy soils with pH around 6.0
Arka Aadya, Arka Archana, Arka Kamini, Arka Poornima, Arka Shashank, Arka Violet Cushion
Seeds
625 g/ha
Seedlings with three to four leaves are transplanted
30 x 30 cm
Basal: 90:6
0:60g
NPK/ha.
Top dress:
N at 90 kg/ha 40 days after transplanting
Pinching of main shoot at one month after transplanting. Irrigate at an interval of 3 to 7 days.
Flower caterpillars, stem borer,
aphids, leaf miner, mite
Collar rot, root rot, wilt
Individual flowers are harvested for loose flowers; whereas flowers along with stalk or whole plant is harvested when 60 % flowers are fully opened for cut flower.
18 to 20 tons/ha
Grown for cut flower, loose flower and potted plant
15.6°C with RH of 70-80%
Well drained sandy loam soil with pH 6.5, EC 1.0 to 1.5
Arka Ravi, Arka Chandrika, Arka Chandrakant, Arka Kirti, Arka Indira, Arka Nilima, Arka Pankaj
Suckers and terminal cuttings
80,000 to 90000 rooted cuttings or suckers / ha
Rooted suckers/cuttings are planted in February - March
30 x 20 cm or 30 x 30 cm
Pinching the terminal portion of the plant at 4th and 7th weeks after transplanting. Irrigate the crop once or twice in a week
Thrips, bud borer, leaf minor, leaf folders
Wilt, rust, leaf spot
Open grown chrysanthemum is harvested with short stalk suitable for loose flowers. Spray varieties are harvested with 40-50% opened flowers.
9-10 tones of loose flower / acre
introduction
Temperature
soil
varieties
propagation
seed rate
planting
spacing
nutrient requirement
intercultural operation
pest
disease
HARVESTING
yield
Important traditional flower grown in South Indian states
12-40 °C; requires 100% sunlight
Well drained red loamy soil, avoid clay and black soils
Arka Ambara, Arka Kanaka, Arka Shreeya and Arka Shravya
Terminal cuttings
8000 rooted cuttings/ha
One month old rooted terminal cuttings will be transferred to main field
60 x 60 cm
25 tonnes of FYM/ha with 40:60:60 NPK during planting. 30kg N on 3rd, 6th & 9th month, micronutrient spray during fortnightly intervals
Mulching, drip irrigation in double row system, removal of dried twigs during summer
Aphids, thrips, mites, jassids and bud borer .
Phytophthora wilt
The yields starts after 3rd month of planting.
8 tonnes/ha
Important cut flower which have long vase life and is suitable for flower arrangement
Grown in polyhouse or shade house, day temperature: 22-25 °C and night temperature : 12-16 °C
Well drained loamy soil, pH of 5.5-6.5 and EC less than 1 dS/cm2
Arka Aadya, Arka Archana, Arka Kamini, Arka Poornima, Arka Shashank, Arka Violet Cushion
Seeds
625 g/ha
Seedlings with three to four leaves are transplanted
30 x 30 cm
Basal: 90:6
0:60g
NPK/ha.
Top dress:
N at 90 kg/ha 40 days after transplanting
Pinching of main shoot at one month after transplanting. Irrigation at an interval of 3 to 7 days.
Flower caterpillars, stem borer,
aphids, leaf miner, mite
Collar rot, root rot, wilt
Individual flowers are harvested for loose flowers; whereas flowers along with stalk or whole plant is harvested when 60 % flowers are fully opened for cut flower.
18 to 20 tons/ha
Important bulbous flower crop grown for cut flower and bedding purpose
15.6°C with RH of 70-80%
Well drained sandy loam soil with pH 6.5, EC 1.0 to 1.5
Arka Ravi, Arka Chandrika, Arka Chandrakant, Arka Kirti, Arka Indira, Arka Nilima, Arka Pankaj
Suckers and terminal cuttings
80,000 to 90000 rooted cuttings or suckers / ha
Rooted suckers/cuttings are planted in February-March
30 x 20 cm or 30 x 30 cm
Pinching the terminal portion of the plant at 4th and 7th weeks after transplanting. Irrigate the crop once or twice in a week
Thrips, bud borer, leaf minor, leaf folders
Wilt, rust, leaf spot
Open grown chrysanthemum is harvested with short stalk suitable for loose flowers. Spray varieties are harvested with 40-50% opened flowers.
9-10 tones of loose flower / acre
introduction
Temperature
soil
varieties
propagation
seed rate
planting
spacing
nutrient requirement
intercultural operation
pest
disease
HARVESTING
yield
African and French marigold are the two major categories
18 - 35 °C
Clay-sandy loam
Arka Bangara, Arka Agni Arka Bangara 2, etc.
Tip cuttings
7,400 plants/acre
African marigold can be planted round the year, but best in winter; French marigold - winter season
African Marigold : 90 x 60 cm French Marigold : 60 x 40 cm
40:30:30 NPK kg/acre; half as basal dose and remaining in equal split doses at monthly interval
Pinching of buds till 30 days after planting. Irrigation should be given once in fifteen days in 1st month and thereafter once a week.
Leaf minor, bud borer
Alternaria and Septoria
First harvest - six weeks after transplanting. Harvest once in 3 days after complete opening of inner florets
6-8 tones/acre
Cultivated in open field and protected condition; can be used as both cut and loose flower
18 - 25 °C
Sandy loamy soil
Arka Parimala: for open field Arka Swadesh, Arka Ivory, Arka Pride: for protected cultivation
Budding and grafting
4000 plants/ acre for Arka Parimala; 25,600 plants/acre for polyhouse rose varieties
Open condition: onset of monsoon Protected condition: Round the year
1 x 1m for open field and 25 x 40 cm in beds of 1m width in polyhouse
160:120:240 NPK kg/acre; half as basal dose; remaining half to be given in equal split doses at monthly intervals from second month onwards
Irrigation of 4 litre/sq.m/day once in fifteen days up to six months.
Thrips, mites, bud borer
Black spot, powdery mildew
First harvest after four months of planting; subsequently harvest every day and flowers to be harvested in bud stage.
Cut flower : 180 flowers/year Loose flower: 5.5 - 6 lakh flowers/acre/year
Important bulbous highly fragrant flower crop grown for cut flower and loose flower trade.
20-30 °C , requires plenty of sunlight
Well drained sandy loam soil with pH 6.5, EC 1.0 to 1.5
Arka Ravi, Arka Chandrika, Arka Chandrakant, Arka Kirti, Arka Indira, Arka Nilima, Arka Pankaj
Suckers and terminal cuttings
80,000 to 90000 rooted cuttings or suckers / ha
Rooted suckers/cuttings are planted in February-March
30 x 20 cm or 30 x 30 cm
Pinching the terminal portion of the plant at 4th and 7th weeks after transplanting. Irrigate the crop once or twice in a week
Thrips, bud borer, leaf minor, leaf folders
Wilt, rust, leaf spot
Open grown chrysanthemum is harvested with short stalk suitable for loose flowers. Spray varieties are harvested with 40-50% opened flowers.
9-10 tones of loose flower / acre